Chemicals in the body fluids that result from the breakdown of salts, including sodium, potassium, magnesium and chloride. The kidneys control the amount of electrolytes in the body. When the kidneys fail, electrolytes get out of balance, causing potentially serious health problems. Dialysis and medication can correct this problem.

ESRD, also known as chronic kidney disease stage 5 is a total and permanent loss of kidney function, so that the body retains fluid and harmful wastes build up. ESRD requires one of the forms of renal replacement therapy and medical treatment of bone disease (osteodystrophy) and anaemia.

A hormone produced by the kidneys to help form red blood cells. Chronic kidney disease can result in an under-production of erythropoetin and - as a consequence - a lack of this hormone may lead to anaemia.